1905 movie network news The "PADMAN" campaign, supported by Beijing Women and Children Development Foundation, Beijing Qiaoai Charity Foundation, Beijing Women’s Federation, Micro-public Welfare and other public welfare organizations, was officially launched in Sina Weibo on December 18th, and many artists and stars such as Mary, Seven and lareina participated in it to support women’s health public welfare. At present, the campaign is still under continuous exposure.

　

The English title of the movie "Paddman" which is being shown in the heat has also been translated by netizens as "PADMAN". When the film was released in India in early 2018, it caused quite a stir and triggered a "sanitary napkin revolution" throughout India. As early as the beginning of this year, India set off a "Star Challenge PADMAN Activity for Caring for Women’s Menstrual Health", and it also set off a craze on overseas social platforms. Celebrities basked in sanitary napkins and pads and published blog posts caring for women’s physiological health, rejecting menstrual shame and calling on the whole society to pay attention to women’s physical and mental health, which attracted the participation and support of many people, and many Indian artists, including Aamir Hussain Khan, who is well-known to China audiences, also responded. In July 2018, the Indian government officially announced the cancellation of the import tariff on sanitary napkins levied according to the luxury tax. PADMAN is also called a movie that changes the country by Indian domestic media.

　

Up to now, there are still more than half of women in the world like India. Because of poverty, war, social ideology and many other problems, they can’t use sanitary products during the physiological period, and they still use rags, leaves and soot, which has brought them many physical diseases and psychological problems. Partner in India is such a film that pays attention to and reflects such practical problems. It tells the real entrepreneurial story of Mr. Rajel, a grassroots entrepreneur in India. He invented a low-cost sanitary napkin production machine for most women in India across tradition, religion and public opinion, and opened the patent, which brought changes to the concept of menstrual hygiene for women in India.

　

After the film was released, it was warmly welcomed in India, the United States, Norway, the Netherlands and other countries. Before the domestic release, UN Women’s Agency, Women’s Voice of the All-China Women’s Federation, Gates Foundation and Sina Finance all issued articles recommending the film, and the audience’s reputation was overwhelming.

　

Public welfare is regardless of race, country or sex. The solution of social problems does not need superheroes, but everyone’s attention and help. Since the release of "Indian Partner" on December 14th, the attendance rate and word-of-mouth have been among the best, except for the big hit, and it has gradually surpassed other films in the same period.

Time flies, it’s a new year in a blink of an eye, and those unfinished dreams of the old year will turn over a new chapter. At the end of last year, among the top ten scientific advances in 2024 predicted by the British journal Nature, the progress of artificial intelligence and ChatGPT artificial intelligence occupy the top two. The development of artificial intelligence has made numerous breakthroughs in the past year, which has also caused widespread controversy. However, it is undeniable that artificial intelligence has become a symbol of the future, and will continue to approach and influence people’s lives at present and in the future, and will have a broad and profound impact on the progress of human society. So, what achievements of artificial intelligence will bring beneficial development to science? Today, we invite Zhang Tiankan, a well-known popular science author, to talk about this topic.

(1) PANDA made in China is used for early screening of pancreatic cancer.

Artificial intelligence has gradually entered people’s lives, and in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment, artificial intelligence has exerted a strong influence.

Known as the "king of cancer", the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is extremely low. According to the latest data of American Cancer Society in 2023, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients is 11%-12%, and the latest data of China is 7.20%. If patients can find the disease as early as possible and perform surgery, the curative effect is relatively better. However, pancreatic cancer is often difficult to find out, and most of them are in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. Therefore, using artificial intelligence technology to help early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and other cancers is the direction that scientists have high hopes for.

Recently, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ali Dharma Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and other institutions jointly used "plain CT combined with artificial intelligence" (plain CT+AI) to conduct large-scale early screening of pancreatic cancer. In the real world, the sensitivity is 92.9% (the accuracy of judging the existence of pancreatic tumors) and the specificity is 99.9% (the accuracy of judging the absence of tumors). This result was published in the international first-class journal Nature-Medicine, which also published a special commentary saying that artificial intelligence and image-based cancer screening are about to usher in a golden age.

Our research team has developed and trained a pancreatic cancer early screening model panda (with AI) based on artificial intelligence, which uses AI to enlarge and identify the subtle features of lesions in plain CT images that are difficult for naked eyes to identify. The results show that PANDA can accurately detect and diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (the most common type of pancreatic cancer, accounting for more than 90%) and non-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma lesions on plain CT, and can be used for screening large-scale asymptomatic patients at any time.

Compared with enhanced CT, plain CT can reduce the radiation dose and eliminate the risk of adverse reactions caused by contrast agents. Clinically, it is difficult for even experienced radiologists to identify pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by plain CT, but the combination of PANDA and plain CT has certain advantages in distinguishing common subtypes of pancreatic lesions. The researchers collected the data of 3,208 real patients from several medical institutions to train PANDA, and then used it to verify 6,239 patients in 10 medical centers. The results show that this model has excellent sensitivity and specificity in identifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

PANDA is expected to be widely used as a new large-scale screening tool for pancreatic cancer in hospitals or physical examination centers. At present, the model has been used more than 500,000 times in medical treatment, physical examination and other scenes, and the false positive rate is very low. In addition to the diagnosis and screening of pancreatic cancer, the research team is cooperating with many first-class medical institutions around the world to check more cancers, including esophageal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.

(2) Generative AI such as 2)GPT will update the iteration.

Looking forward to the development of artificial intelligence this year, Nature magazine lists the emergence and functions of several representative AI modes. For example, GPT-5 will come out and may show more advanced functions than its predecessor GPT-4. At the same time, GPT-4 competitor Gemini (another generative AI tool) and other AI tools will also be launched.

GPT-5 and Gemini are both large language models and generative artificial intelligence, which can be used to create new content and ideas, including dialogues, stories, images, videos and music. Therefore, they can not only generate many languages and translated works, but also generate artistic products for scientific research and teaching.

Generative artificial intelligence model has great potential in human communication and service. Different languages lead to communication barriers for people living in different regions, and simultaneous translation of AI software may help solve this problem. Meta Company in the United States developed Seamless, an open source voice translation model for seamless communication, while Google Company developed Translation 3, an unsupervised voice translation AI system. Among them, Seamless of Meta-Universe Company is a "unified model", which integrates all the functions of the other three deep learning models and can conduct more natural and authentic cross-language communication in real time. While translating words, Translation 3 of Google can also deal with subtle differences in non-text pronunciation such as pause, speech speed and speaker identity.

Even more amazing, artificial intelligence software is expected to be used to "smell" smells and analyze the structure of odor molecules. At present, people can use wavelength to study vision and frequency to study hearing, and can measure and evaluate it through instruments, but they can’t measure or accurately predict the smell of substance molecules according to molecular structure.

Researchers from Google Inc., Monel Chemical Sensory Center and University of Reading in the UK have developed an AI tool that can predict its odor characteristics only based on its molecular structure. It can identify molecules with different appearances but the same smell, and can also identify molecules with very similar appearances but completely different smells.

This AI system is called odor map. After the big data training of odor molecules, it is not only suitable for identifying known odor substances, but also for identifying odor substances with very similar structures, and can also describe a large number of unrelated molecules with different molecular characteristics. From the application scenario, odor spectrum can be used not only in food and agriculture to predict and discover new compounds, spices and foods, but also in the research and development of chemical products and cosmetics, biomedicine and other fields, and its "smell" sensitivity is more reliable than that of dog’s nose.

(3) There is a new breakthrough in dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Nature magazine predicts that this year, Deep Thinking Artificial Intelligence will release a new version of the artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold. Previously, researchers have predicted the 3D shape of protein with high accuracy by using the old version of alpha folding, and the new alpha folding will simulate the interaction between protein, nucleic acid and other molecules with atomic accuracy, which will open up a new way for drug research and development.

Artificial intelligence can exert its talents in chemistry, biomedicine and pharmacy. The main reason is that it can quickly discover new substances and invent new materials.

Everyone will get sick. In the past, human beings used too many antibiotics for this purpose, and the antibiotics used in animal breeding have greatly increased the drug resistance of many bacteria. As early as a few years ago, the World Health Organization warned that if human beings use antibiotics without restraint, infectious diseases will fall into the dilemma of no drugs (antibiotics) available in the future.

Perhaps, the intervention of artificial intelligence can solve this problem. According to the research results published by a research team of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, artificial intelligence has identified a new type of antibiotics from tens of millions of compounds, which can kill the superbacteria commonly seen in clinic-MRSA.

The research team generated training data by testing the antibiotic activity of about 39,000 compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and then input these data and chemical structure information of the compounds into a deep learning model. At the same time, the research team also trained three additional deep learning models to predict whether these compounds are toxic to three different types of human cells. Finally, researchers found that some compounds can not only kill bacteria, but also have the least adverse effects on human body.

The research team screened out about 12 million compounds, and the artificial intelligence model identified five different types of compounds according to the chemical substructure in the molecule, and predicted that they could fight against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the artificial intelligence model selected two compounds, which were considered as the best antibiotic candidates.

After that, the research team used two mouse models to verify the antibiotic candidates, one was the skin infection mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the other was the systemic infection mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that these two antibiotic candidates significantly reduced the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. That is to say, the compounds selected by the artificial intelligence model are effective for local and systemic infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and are suitable for further research and development and treatment of serious septicemia-related drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a kind of Gram-positive bacteria with thick cell wall. Further research shows that these two antibiotic candidates can destroy the cell wall of the bacteria, but they will not cause substantial damage to the human cell membrane, which is safe for human cells. We have reason to believe that artificial intelligence can screen out more antibiotics for treating diseases in the future.

(4) It is necessary to study whether AI will produce consciousness.

Interestingly, Nature also included the debate and discovery about consciousness in this year’s scientific progress, arguing that this is not only a study of human consciousness based on brain and nerve, but also a breakthrough in human psychology and philosophy research. Of course, the biggest controversy about this research is still whether artificial intelligence will produce consciousness and how humans treat artificial intelligence that may have consciousness.

Previously, Templeton World Charity Foundation funded 30 million dollars to study and verify two main theories of consciousness generation, one is integrated information theory, and the other is global neuron workspace theory. Researchers from different laboratories used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) to study the neural correlation between the content and duration of visual experience of 256 human participants. The results showed that there were information reflecting the content of consciousness in visual cortex, ventral temporal cortex and subfrontal cortex. The sustained response in occipital cortex and lateral temporal cortex reflects the stimulation duration; There is content-specific synchronization between frontal lobe and early visual area.

In short, these results confirm some predictions of integrated information theory and global neuron workspace theory, but neither theory can explain how consciousness is produced. Nature magazine predicts that before the end of this year, scientists will have a new understanding of the neural basis of consciousness and publish new experimental results.

Associated with this, does artificial intelligence really produce consciousness? Some scientists worry that if artificial intelligence evolves consciousness, it may change from human control of artificial intelligence to artificial intelligence control of human beings, which will be the end of mankind. Although more people are dismissive of the hypothesis that "artificial intelligence produces consciousness", members of the Mathematical Consciousness Science Association (AMCS) call on the United Nations to provide more funds to support the research on consciousness and artificial intelligence. According to the association, there is an urgent need for scientific investigation on the boundary between conscious and unconscious systems, which involves ethical, legal and security issues. These problems make it very important to understand the consciousness of artificial intelligence. For example, if artificial intelligence develops consciousness, should people be allowed to shut it down effectively and simply after use?

At present, some researchers in the world predict that the consciousness of artificial intelligence will be realized within 5-20 years. But the fact is that this conclusion lacks research support. In 2023, no funding was used to "study artificial intelligence to generate consciousness". Researchers of the Mathematical Consciousness Science Association believe that only by knowing what can make artificial intelligence conscious can we evaluate the impact of conscious artificial intelligence systems on society, including the dangers they may cause and how to deal with them.

In any case, with the rapid development of science and technology today, it is of great significance for the future of human social civilization to study whether artificial intelligence will produce consciousness and draw exact conclusions. At that time, it is not too late to evaluate whether artificial intelligence is a favor or a burden for human social civilization.

　　A few days ago, the China-Japan security dialogue was held again after four years. One of the most important topics is Japan’s security and military trend. China has expressed serious concern about this and the international community is also highly concerned about it.

　　Japan’s security military policy is undergoing the most serious transformation since its defeat and surrender in World War II. Recently, the Kishida government revised and completed the National Security Assurance Strategy, National Defense Strategy, Defence Force Maintenance Plan and Three Security Documents, abandoned the principle of "exclusively defending", lifted the so-called "counterattack capability" and benchmarked NATO standards, greatly increased the defense budget to 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP), which deviated from the pacifist concept of the Japanese Constitution and released a dangerous signal of returning to the road of becoming a military power. By revising the "Three Security Documents", the Kishida government completed the operation of "fundamentally strengthening the defense force" assigned by the United States to Japan during Biden’s visit to Japan in May 2022.

　　On the basis of promoting the offensive and export-oriented transformation of security military strategy, Japan has stepped up its efforts to promote military integration between Japan and the United States. At the beginning of the new year in 2023, Japan and the United States held "2+2" talks with foreign ministers and defense chiefs, strengthened strategic coordination, and optimized comprehensive combat power based on the concept of joint operations. The joint document issued at the meeting supports Japan to "ensure" the reliability of the United States in strengthening containment and strategic deterrence by strengthening its defense capabilities. Since then, Kishida has made his first visit to the United States since he took office as prime minister. While presenting the "Three Security Documents" to the United States as "warlords", he emphasized that Japan’s security strategy and the United States’ security strategy are "on the same track and with the same frequency", and will focus on "Indo-Pacific" region to devote himself to security and economic cooperation, strengthen the alliance’s deterrent ability and coping ability, and promote the modernization of Japan-US relations facing the 21st century. Japan and the United States also stressed that in support of NATO’s "expanding its involvement in India and Pacific", Japan will "strengthen its cooperative relations with NATO and play a leading role among NATO’s Asia-Pacific partners".

　　Driven by the desire to strengthen the Japan-US alliance and military powers, Japan actively introduced NATO into the Asia-Pacific region and promoted its strategic docking with the Japan-US alliance. After the Ukrainian crisis broke out in February 2022, Japan greatly strengthened its strategic and security interaction with NATO, including attending the NATO Foreign Ministers’ Meeting for the first time, attending the NATO Military Committee Chief of Staff Meeting for the first time, officially joining the NATO Cyber Defense Center, and attending the NATO Leaders’ Summit for the first time. In January 2023, NATO Secretary-General visited Japan again after six years, and together with Japan, he rendered the so-called "the world is in the most severe and complicated security environment since the end of World War II", emphasizing that "Indo-Pacific" and European security are inseparable, and advocated the establishment of a "stronger relationship" between the two sides. The joint statement issued by the two sides emphasized the need for security cooperation in military, information, network and space fields.

　　Japan’s efforts to link up the United States and Europe and strengthen group politics while strengthening its military skills will inevitably lead to division and confrontation in the Asia-Pacific region. The United States and NATO, led by it, all pursue the ultra-realistic strategic concept of confronting competitors from their strength and position, and regard China as "the biggest competitor" or "systematic challenge". Under the positive tandem of Japan, the current negative trends of "NATO’s Asia-Pacific" and "NATO’s Asia-Pacific" are rising in both directions, leading to a more complicated and severe regional situation. Japan’s move directly promoted regional factionalization and group confrontation, which led to the fragmentation of regional ties, especially the parallelization of regional cooperation, and damaged the stability of regional industrial chain supply chain system. Asia-Pacific is an important engine of the global economy. Peace and stability in this region are not only related to the future and destiny of the region, but also directly affect the future direction of the world economy and global politics.

　　In the long run, it is not in Japan’s interest to return to the road of military power and engage in camp confrontation. Before the war, it was under the route of "establishing a country by military means" that Japan finally embarked on the road of ruin. It’s not far to learn from the snake’s greed and forget its tail. Under the background of its persistent economic downturn and the aging of its young children, Japan, which is forgetful, will inevitably lead to another national policy mistake if it once again pours its limited national resources into the bottomless military field to consolidate the army, expand its military and prepare for war. Relying on the Japan-US alliance and relying on NATO’s external force to implement multilateral containment against neighboring countries will not only stimulate the regional arms race, but also bring strategic and security risks to Japan. Imagine that Japan’s so-called "counterattack" when its allies and "friends" are attacked is undoubtedly at its own risk of being involved in American foreign wars. The United States is not an Asian country, so it can leave when something happens, while Japan in East Asia has nowhere to hide.

　　Japan should not force itself to be the "western overbearing eagle dog" warned by Sun Yat-sen a hundred years ago. Japan keeps opposing "changing the status quo with strength", but its so-called "status quo" is actually a tampered "status quo", which is an unjust result distorted with the tampering of Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Proclamation by the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951. Japan rambles and tries to create a systematic multilateral containment situation against its neighbors. To put it bluntly, it is only to safeguard its illegitimate interests illegally seized after the war. Japan followed the United States in exaggerating the "China threat" and strengthened the proportion of military elements in foreign relations, exposing the failure of its Asian diplomacy and its lack of confidence in the face of its neighbors; The deep background is that Japan made a one-sided peace with the United States and other countries in order to turn over the page of the war of aggression at a low cost after the war, which led to the absence of reconciliation and mutual trust with its Asian neighbors.

　　Germany is not alone, there must be neighbors. Asian countries are neighbors that cannot move away from each other. Together, all countries form a community of destiny for security and development. As an Asian country, Japan’s security and prosperity can only be achieved if regional peace and stability are maintained. The Asia-Pacific region is not a big country arena, and group politics and camp confrontation will only destroy the free trade system from which Japan itself benefits. At present, Japan needs to face up to the reality, take a long-term view, adhere to the post-war pacifism concept, strive to enhance mutual trust and cooperation with its Asian neighbors through exchanges and dialogues, and play an active role in maintaining regional peace and stability. Only by doing so can it really benefit the region and save Japan itself.

　　(The author is a researcher at the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences.)

The State Council Press Office held a press conference at 10 am on January 17th, and the National Bureau of Statistics introduced the national economy in 2022. Let’s watch together!

-economic data-

In 2022, the GDP exceeded 121 trillion yuan! An increase of 3.0% over the previous year.

According to preliminary calculation, the annual GDP in 2022 was 121,020.7 billion yuan, calculated at constant prices, up by 3.0% over the previous year. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 8,834.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 48,316.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 63,869.8 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. Quarterly, GDP increased by 4.8% in the first quarter, 0.4% in the second quarter, 3.9% in the third quarter and 2.9% in the fourth quarter. From the ring comparison, the GDP in the fourth quarter was the same as that in the third quarter.

Important economic data in 2022

employment

In 2001, 12.06 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, exceeding the annual target of 11 million people. The average monthly income of migrant workers was 4,615 yuan, an increase of 4.1% over the previous year.

Resident income

In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 36,883 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.0% over the previous year, and a real increase of 2.9% after deducting the price factor, which was basically in step with the economic growth.

food

The total grain output in the whole year was 686.53 million tons, an increase of 3.68 million tons or 0.5% over the previous year.

industry

The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 3.6% over the previous year.

service sector

The added value of service industry increased by 2.3% year-on-year.

marketing

The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 43,973.3 billion yuan, down 0.2% from the previous year.

consume

The annual consumer price (CPI) rose by 2.0% over the previous year.

investment

In the whole year, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 57,213.8 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year.

imports and exports

The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 42,067.8 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year.

Total population

At the end of the year, the national population (including the population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and active servicemen, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners living in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) was 1,411.75 million, a decrease of 850,000 compared with the end of last year.

-Respond to concerns-

How to evaluate the economic performance of China in 2022?

First, comprehensive national strength has reached a new level. In 2022, China’s total economic output exceeded 120 trillion yuan, reaching 121 trillion yuan, which is a new step after continuously breaking through 100 trillion yuan and 110 trillion yuan in 2020 and 2021. According to the average annual exchange rate, 120 trillion yuan is equivalent to about 18 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world. From the perspective of per capita level, China’s per capita GDP reached 85,698 yuan in 2022, a real increase of 3% over the previous year. The long-term goal in 2035 is that the per capita national income will reach the level of moderately developed countries. At present, we only have $12,700. To achieve this medium-term goal, the growth will more than double, and 120 trillion is only a small step in our progress.

Second, the economic operation is generally stable. Last year, China’s GDP increased by 3%, and the economic growth was faster than that of most major economies. Germany has announced the estimated annual economic growth rate of 1.9%; According to the IMF’s forecast, the GDP growth of the United States and Japan will not exceed 2% in 2022. With the sharp rise in global food and energy prices and the pressure of imported inflation, China’s price situation has remained stable, which is in sharp contrast with the high inflation in major economies such as Europe and the United States. The balance of payments continued to improve. The surplus of import and export of goods increased by 35.4% over the previous year, and the balance of foreign exchange reserves reached $3,127.7 billion at the end of the year, ranking first in the world.

Third, the foundation of industrial development is solid. Grain production has achieved "19 consecutive bumper harvests", and the total grain output has reached 1,373.1 billion Jin, which has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. The national industrial added value reached 40.2 trillion yuan, and the manufacturing added value reached 33.5 trillion yuan, ranking first in the world. By the end of 2022, the national railway mileage reached 155,000 kilometers, including 42,000 kilometers of high-speed railway, which is far ahead in the world. The world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure has been built, and the industrial Internet has been widely integrated into 45 national economic categories.

Fourth, the scale of total domestic demand continues to expand. China is still the second largest consumer market and the largest online retail market in the world. The scale of investment in fixed assets exceeded 57 trillion, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.2 percentage points faster than that in 2021.

Fifth, reform and innovation continued to deepen. By the end of 2022, there were 169 million registered market entities in China, including 114 million individual industrial and commercial households. In 2022, the added value of high-tech manufacturing above designated size increased by 7.4% over the previous year, which was 3.8 percentage points faster than all industries above designated size.

Sixth, high-level opening-up has been solidly promoted. In 2022, the total trade in goods exceeded 40 trillion, reaching 42.1 trillion, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. From January to November, the actual use of foreign capital in China was 1,156.1 billion yuan, up 9.9% year-on-year, exceeding the whole year of 2021 and reaching a record high.

Seventh, people’s livelihood security is strong and effective. Residents’ income grew steadily. The government has strengthened the income guarantee for residents, and the per capita net transfer income of residents nationwide has increased by 5.5% in nominal terms over the previous year, faster than the income growth rate of all residents.

How to treat the completion of China’s employment target in 2022?

First, the basic disk of employment is generally stable. There were 12.06 million new jobs in cities and towns nationwide, exceeding the expected target of 11 million at the beginning of the year. Affected by frequent outbreaks, the urban survey unemployment rate rose in stages in individual months, reaching 6.1% when it was high. However, from the perspective of the whole year, the overall unemployment rate has remained basically stable, especially with the obvious effect of the economic stabilization package and the continuation policy, the employment situation has improved recently. In December, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.5%, down 0.2 percentage points from November.

Second, the employment security of key groups is strong. The implementation of a series of employment assistance policies to help enterprises stabilize their posts has had a positive impact on the employment stability of key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers. In December, the urban survey unemployment rate of people aged 20-24 with college degree or above was 21.1%, which was 0.2 percentage points lower than that of the previous month and dropped for five consecutive months. The unemployment rate among 16-to 24-year-olds has dropped even more. The unemployment rate of migrant agricultural registered laborers in cities and towns was 5.4%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month. The total number of migrant workers in the whole year reached 295.62 million, an increase of 3.11 million over the previous year, exceeding the scale in 2019 before the epidemic. There are also some key groups, with more than 32 million poverty-stricken laborers working in the country, and the employment of urban and rural poor groups has also been better guaranteed.

Generally speaking, in 2022, China’s employment remained generally stable, and the urban survey unemployment rate increased compared with the previous year, mainly due to multiple unexpected factors at home and abroad. From the next stage, the number of college graduates is expected to exceed 11.5 million this year, the pressure of total employment still exists, and the structural contradictions are still outstanding. However, with the improvement of the economy and the expansion of employment demand, the number of jobs will increase accordingly, and the employment situation in China is expected to improve overall in 2023.

What are the reasons for China’s price stability under the situation of high global inflation, and what is the forecast of the trend in 2023?

China’s prices remained generally stable last year, and the annual CPI rose by 2%, which was lower than the expected target of 3%. There are many reasons.

First, there is no money surplus in China, and prices still reflect the relationship between supply and demand. Compared with the international market, the United States continuously raised interest rates to curb inflation, and the CPI in December was 6.5%. Europe is still very high, still above 10%. Recently, Japan’s CPI is also rising. In the past three years of epidemic prevention and control, there has been no flood irrigation in China.

Second, the effect of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices has appeared. First of all, we have guaranteed energy supply, such as coal. In 2022, the total output will reach 4.5 billion tons, and the stable supply of coal will ensure the power supply. In addition, food prices, China’s grain output has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years, achieving "19 consecutive harvests". China’s population of more than 1.4 billion people, if there is not enough food, purchasing in the international market will further push up the international food price. The stable supply and price of grain, energy and other commodities have provided a solid foundation.

Third, the supply of industrial products and services is sufficient. China’s industrial system is complete and the supply of goods and services is sufficient, which contributes to the stability of consumer prices.

In 2023, prices do not have the basis for a sharp rise, and we are confident that the CPI trend will remain stable in the coming year.

What is the outlook for the economic goals and prospects in 2023?

China’s economy will definitely improve in 2023.

First, the long-term accumulation of a solid material foundation. China is one of the countries with the best industrial categories and supporting facilities in the United Nations industrial classification. Its industrial organization ability and industrial chain toughness are strong, and it occupies an important position in the global industrial division system and supply chain system. The infrastructure is relatively perfect. In the face of fluctuations in the international supply system, we have strengthened the safety and security capacity building in key areas such as grain, energy, industrial chain and supply chain, creating favorable conditions for coping with external risks and challenges.

Second, the super-large-scale domestic market has obvious advantages. China has a population of more than 1.4 billion, new industrialization and urbanization continue to advance, and there is a very large-scale market with the most potential in the world, which is a powerful engine to promote economic recovery and improvement.

Third, the supporting role of new kinetic energy has been further enhanced. We thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, focus on strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and effectively promote the rapid growth of new industries, which will inject new kinetic energy into economic operation.

Fourth, persist in deepening the reform and opening-up dividend and continue to release it. We adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, adhere to the "two unwavering", speed up the construction of a unified national market, continue to deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, create an international and legal business environment, and create a more level playing field for various market players.

Fifth, rich experience in macro-control. In particular, the current prices are generally in a stable and controllable state, which leaves a good space for us to reserve and use relevant macro-control policy tools in various aspects.

　　Buying a house is the most important thing in the life of ordinary people (603883, stock bar), and there is no room for any negligence. Many people who buy a house for the first time often only pay attention to the exterior of the property, ignoring the internal quality and formalities. A little careless may buy a house with problems.

　　In addition to checking the five-certificate procedures of real estate, on-the-spot investigation of the construction progress of real estate, we must also ensure that the signed purchase contract is filed;

　　1. Check the developer’s certificate.

　　Developers must complete the formalities for building houses. If the formalities are incomplete, the houses built are illegal buildings. After purchasing houses, buyers may not be able to hand over the houses on time, or they may not be able to apply for property rights certificates.

　　It is very important to check the developer’s five certificates. The most difficult thing about the five certificates is the pre-sale permit, and the first four certificates can be completed before pre-sale;

　　"Five certificates" refer to: 1. Certificate of State-owned Land Use Right; 2. Construction Land Planning Permit; 3. Construction Project Planning Permit; 4. building construction permits; 5. Pre-sale Permit for Commercial Housing.

　　Among them, the "State-owned Land Use Right Certificate" refers to the right certificate obtained by the developer after signing the land transfer contract and paying all the land transfer fees, which can prove that the developer has the legal right to use the corresponding land, and the certificate is issued by the land management department;

　　After signing the land transfer contract, the developer shall obtain the construction land planning permit from the urban and rural planning department of the people’s government of the city or county, which shall be issued by the urban and rural planning management department;

　　Before starting construction, the developer shall obtain the construction project planning permit and the construction project construction permit before carrying out construction;

　　Before the pre-sale of commercial housing, the developer should obtain the pre-sale permit of commercial housing, which is issued by the housing management department. In order to obtain the permit, the pre-sale of commercial housing cannot be carried out.

　　Complete five certificates are the basic conditions for developers to develop, build and sell commercial housing. Only when the basic conditions are met can the subsequent development and construction work of developers be carried out normally and smoothly, and the rights of house buyers can be guaranteed most basically.

　　Only when the five certificates are complete can the risk of buying a house be minimized.

　　2. Field trips are very important.

　　Developers with complete procedures may also face problems, especially for some developers with relatively small strength, or companies that have just developed real estate, it is very likely that the real estate will be unfinished because of the capital turnover. Therefore, in the process of buying a house, we must never listen to the rhetoric of the intermediary and the property consultant. In order to achieve the sales purpose, they often hide some unfavorable factors of the real estate. Be sure to personally inspect. The first thing to look at is the construction progress. Check how many floors the building has built, whether there are enough workers, whether the construction machinery and equipment are working normally, and whether the management of the site is standardized. If necessary, you can also find a few workers to understand the construction quality and management norms of the project. After all, the people who work in the front line know the internal quality of the project best.

　　In addition, we should also look at the distance between the real estate and the subway and the business circle on the spot. It is best to measure it by walking. The straight distance sometimes hides the real distance, so we must start from the perspective of our own living convenience.

　　3. Sign a record contract for purchasing a house.

　　The implementation of the filing system of the purchase contract can effectively restrict the developers. It can not only prompt developers to speed up the building and handle the property right certificate according to the regulations, but also make the buyers feel more at ease, and well avoid many hidden dangers brought by one room and two owners to consumers.

　　Since 2006, all sales contracts have been signed online in a unified way. Before signing online, they are generally initialled to make sure that the contract contents are correct and there is no objection, and then they are signed online.

　　After the commercial housing is signed online, the developer puts the contract on record, obtains the record number after being audited by the relevant departments, prints out the contract text, and the buyer and the seller sign and seal it, each holding its share.

　　If you buy a house in Shenyang and want to inquire about the record of the contract, the specific operation steps and details are as follows;

　　(1) official website page of Shenyang Real Estate Bureau is as follows;

　　According to the unified requirements of the superior, the website of Shenyang Real Estate Bureau has been completely revised, and all the query functions can be used normally. The revised website is: http://fcj.shenyang.gov.cn/.

　　(2) Inquire about the address;

　　In the lower right corner of the homepage of the website, click on the pre-sale information column of commercial housing to inquire about the filing of commercial housing sales contracts.

　　(3) Personal inquiry on the filing of commercial housing sales contracts;

　　After entering the page through the pre-sale information query of commercial housing, in the third column of convenience service on the left, you can see the personal query of the filing of commercial housing sales contracts;

　　(4) Enter personal purchase information to query the results;

　　The online sign number is your purchase contract number, and the online sign password is the ID number of the purchaser.

　　You should have learned the above simple operation methods. If you have other questions, you can pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account’s "Second Brother Looking at the Property Market" and leave a message at the bottom of the article;

　　Review in the past

　　1. The idea of buying a house in Shenyang in 2020.

　　2. Reasonable analysis on whether Shenyang can become a national central city!

　　3. The ranking of housing prices in 14 cities in Liaoning, the northeast changed from the back team to the front team, and Shenyang ushered in a new round of rising opportunities.

　　4. Longhu has gone to 630 million yuan, Evergrande has gone to 1 billion yuan, and Poly has gone to 696 million yuan. Are you still entangled in whether Shenyang housing prices will fall?

　　5. The housing price in Hunnan is 2 weeks, and it is 25,000 yuan. The top price of China Resources is 7,000 yuan to acquire the Shuangrui North plot of the new city government, and 66,000 square meters of government rental housing will be built.

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This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Second Brother Looking at the Property Market. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.